Could you please explain the relationship between food and ketones? I have been told that ketones are not caused by food, but lack of insulin. If your food to insulin ratio was miscalculated, then couldn’t ketones appear?

Ketones appear when there is a a relative or absolute lack of insulin. They are the result of the effect of the so-called counterregulatory hormones (epinephrine/adrenaline, growth hormone, sex hormones, cortisol) on the breakdown of fat to provide an alternative fuel. Thus, ketones appear when insulin has not been given or when the body’s demand for extra fuel is not being met by availability of glucose (this requires a balance of food and insulin). This is a gross oversimplification, but to answer your secondary question, you won’t increase ketone production by modestly miscalculating how much insulin to give for a given quantity of carbohydrate.

KJR